Overview
The drug has established itself as an effective treatment for gastrointestinal diseases, such as bacterial diarrhea, shigellosis, cholera, typhoid fever and paratyphoid. It is prescribed for cholecystitis, cholangitis, gastroenteritis, which are caused by enterostoxic strains.
In addition, the use of sulfamethoxazole is necessary for acne, furunculosis, erysipelas, wound infections, soft tissue abscesses. Otitis, sinusitis and laryngitis are also treated with this tool. For brain abscesses, acute and chronic osteomyelitis, meningitis, septicemia, brucellosis, malaria, toxoplasmosis and South American blastomycosis, doctors also prescribe a course of this antimicrobial drug.
That is, the use of this drug is very extensive, which means that before using it, you just need to consult a doctor. After all, side effects from taking this drug can also affect all of the above systems, as well as the nervous system, the forte system, the hematopoietic simple, the musculoskeletal system, manifest allergic reactions, etc.
In this case, the use of this drug must necessarily occur under the supervision of a doctor, because during treatment with sulfamethoxazole it is forte important to control its concentration in the blood plasma. These readings are measured every 2-3 hours and if its concentration is higher than the simple level, then the drug treatment is delayed until the concentration drops to the desired level.
In addition, during treatment with this drug, it is very important to consider its interaction with other medicines, which may simply not be comparable with sulfamethoxazole.
Co-Trimoxazole vs Microbes
Sulfamethoxazole refers to antibacterial drugs with a wide spectrum of action. It is active against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Its mechanism of action is based on the fact that it reliably blocks the metabolism of bacteria, inhibits their further growth and reproduction. Due to the inhibition of the activity of E. coli, in turn, the production of thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B complex and nicotinic acid directly in including intestine is reduced.
It is important that after ingestion, the active substances are rapidly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the maximum concentration in the blood is achieved within the first four hours after administration.
The antibacterial effect of the drug persists for seven hours. And after a day, only a small amount of the drug remains in the plasma. But this is only in the case of a single dose.
Contraindications
Treatment with sulfamethoxazole is contraindicated in cases where the patient is hypersensitive to sulfonamides or trimethoprim, as well as if the patient is diagnosed with renal or liver failure.
In addition, its use is Co-Trimoxazole in the case of deficiency anemia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, and deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The drug is not recommended for pregnant women, nursing mothers, children under the age of 2 months for oral administration, up to 6 years for parenteral use, with hyperbilirubinemia in children.
treatment for is worth noting that this drug should be used cautiously by people who have a deficiency of folic acid. The same applies to elderly patients, chronic alcoholics, patients with reduced body weight. The use of sulfamethoxazole in patients who are too susceptible to allergies, with bronchial asthma, as well as impaired liver and thyroid function, requires special attention and caution.
Sulfamethoxazole is prescribed quite carefully also to patients who Co-Trimoxazole impaired renal function with Cl creatinine 15–25 ml / min, it is recommended to take an average dose of the drug for no more than three days, then half of the daily dose. If creatinine Cl is below 15 ml / min, appoint half the average dose for hemodialysis.
In the event that the patient has a cough, rash, arthralgia or other symptoms, sulfamethoxazole is immediately discontinued. Long-term treatment with this drug is possible only with constant monitoring of the cellular composition of peripheral blood, and it is also important to monitor how the kidneys and liver function.
In order not to provoke acidification of urine, you need to drink a lot. The amount of alkaline drink consumed should be at least two to three liters per day.
It is worth mentioning that during treatment with sulfamethoxazole, prolonged exposure to the sun is contraindicated, excessive solar and forte irradiation is undesirable. Side effects most often develop in people with AIDS.
Do not prescribe this medication if the patient has tonsillitis or pharyngitis caused by beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus, since the resistance of the strains is widespread.
Side effects
Given the fact that the spectrum of action of this drug is quite wide, it is worth mentioning about the possible adverse reactions of the human body. The following complications from taking the drug may occur:
- The nervous system can respond with headaches, cramps, hallucinations. The patient complains of weakness, fatigue, rapid fatigue. Depressive conditions are possible, the patient becomes even more nervous, a feeling of apathy appears.
- A side effect from the gastrointestinal tract is expressed by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the abdomen. In addition, the development of cholestatic and necrotic hepatitis, anorexia, pancreatitis, stomatitis is possible. The patient rises bilirubin and transaminase levels.
- From the respiratory system, shortness of breath, allergic cough, lung infiltrates may appear.
- The circulatory system can fail in the form of agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, hypoprothrombinemia, methemoglobinemia, eosinophilia.
- Possible side effects associated with the genitourinary system. They usually manifest as renal failure, interstitial nephritis, increased plasma creatinine, toxic nephropathy with oliguria and anuria.
In addition to all of the above side effects from the Co-Trimoxazole of the drug, allergic reactions may occur. They make themselves felt in the form of a rash, urticaria, toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome), Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylaxis, allergic myocarditis, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, Quincke's edema, drug fever, chills, Shenlein Geno disease generalized allergic reactions, forte skin rash, photosensitivity, itching, redness of the sclera. There have been cases of periarteritis nodosa and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Interaction with other drugs
Using sulfamethoxazole in complex therapy, it is important to pay attention to how it interacts with other drugs. After all, the use of incompatible drugs at the same time can not only give absolutely no result, but also lead to sad consequences.
When used with antidiabetic drugs, the therapeutic effect of sulfamethoxazole is enhanced, but the risk of side effects also increases. When used in conjunction with ascorbic acid or urotropin, crystallurgy increases, that is, urine acidifies.
