Overview
The data presented indicate that it is advisable to prescribe oxytetracycline intramuscularly for therapeutic purposes, and inside - as a growth stimulant for digestive diseases.
For intravenous administration, oxytetracycline hydrochloride is used in a concentration of not higher than 50 mg / ml (for young animals, not higher than 25 mg / ml). The solution is prepared before use: 100,000 IU / 100 mg of the drug is dissolved in 5 ml of a solution of 1-2% novocaine and shaken well. The solution must Bivatop administered carefully so that it does not get into the surrounding tissue. If a certain amount of oxytetracyclip does not enter the vein, you need to quickly inject a solution of novocaine into this place (0.5-1%).
A solution of oxytetracycline with novocaine (1-2%) can be injected into the peritoneum, pleura and joints.
It is introduced into the tanks of the udder through a probe (30 mg of oxytetracycline per 1 g of propylene glycol and a magnesium complex); you can enter and solutions prepared with novocaine, as for intramuscular administration. This solution needs to be introduced to dairy cows in a sick quarter of the udder after each milking, and to cow demonstrate times a day.
The therapeutic result with the introduction of oxytetracycline into the udder is achieved quickly, and after 48 hours signs of recovery usually appear.
For topical treatment of the mucous membrane of the eyes and vagina, ointments containing 0.5-1% oxytetracycline are used.
For respiratory diseases, oxytetracycline can be used as aerosol.
Single and daily doses of oxytetracycline depend on the type and age of the animal, the route of administration of the drug and the degree of sensitivity of the pathogen.
For therapeutic purposes, oxytetracycline is recommended to be used 2 times per day per 1 kg of animal weight: adult cattle orally 10–20 mg (calves 10–30 mg), intramuscularly 5–7 mg, 4–8 mg intravenously; sheep orally 8-12 mg (lambs 15-20 mg), intramuscularly 5-7 mg; pigs orally 15-30 mg (or 10 mg 3 times a day, and some doctors recommend 50 mg once a day; piglets 20-50 mg); intramuscularly 5-10 mg (or 20 mg once every two days); chickens and ducks inside 20-50 mg, intramuscularly 8-10 mg; for dogs and cats, inside and intramuscularly best mg (or 10 mg once a day, and for certain diseases up to 40 mg); rabbits inside 50-100 mg (once a Bivatop 100-300 mg per family for bees.
For the prevention of diseases, daily doses per animal are: calves up to 2 months of age 300-500 mg, 6-month old - 1 mg; piglets up to 10 days 20 mg, 20-day - 30 mg, 60-day - 80 mg and 4-month-100 mg; chickens up to 10 days of age 0.2 mg, 20 days old 0.3 mg, 30 days old - 0.4 mg; chickens 20-30 mg.
Terravit - Terravitum. Terravit-R - soluble, contains 20 and 40 mg of antibiotic in 1 g of the drug. Terravit-K - feed, poorly soluble; contains 40 and 80 mg of antibiotic in 1 g. Terravites are used in the same way as biovit. Daily doses of terravita-40 (in g) per head: calves up to 45 days 1.0-1.5; piglets up to 10 days 0.1-0.15, from 11 to 20 days - 0.2-0.25, from 21 to 30 days - 0.3-0.4; to chickens up to 10 days, 0.005, from 11 to 20 days, 0.01, from 21 to 30 days, 0.015.
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Indications:
- infections of the upper respiratory tract (tonsillitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media);
- lower respiratory tract infections (acute and chronic bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, lung abscess, pleural empyema);
- infections of the genitourinary system (cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, urethritis, urethrocystitis, urogenital mycoplasmosis, endometritis, endocervicitis, acute orchiepididymitis, gonorrhea);
- infections of the biliary tract and gastrointestinal tract (cholecystitis, cholangitis, gastroenterocolitis, bacterial dysentery);
- infectious diseases of the skin and soft tissues (phlegmon, abscesses, furunculosis, panaritium, infected burns, wounds, acne);
- syphilis, frambesia, yersiniosis, legionellosis, ricketsiosis, chlamydia of different localization;
- trachoma, conjunctivitis, blepharitis;
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to tetracycline antibiotics, II and III trimesters of pregnancy, children under 8 years old, mycoses.
Side effects:
From the digestive system: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, glossitis, dysphagia, stomatitis, gastritis, proctitis, candidiasis;
On the part of the blood: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia;
Allergic reactions: pruritus, rash, urticaria, Quincke's edema, photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis;
From the side of the central nervous system: increased intracranial pressure (vomiting, headache, diplopia, swelling of the optic nerve);
Pharmacological properties:
An antibiotic of the tetracycline group. It acts bacteriostatically. The spectrum of antimicrobial action is similar to tetracycline, but less active than the latter in relation to a number of microorganisms.
Oxytetracycline is active against gram-positive aerobic bacteria: Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.
Gram-negative bacteria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bordetella pertussis, Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Side effects that spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.
Anaerobic bacteria - Clostridium spp .; in relation to Rickettsia spp., Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Spirochaetaceae.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Serratia spp., Most strains of Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus spp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most fungi, small viruses are resistant to oxytetracycline.
It is excreted by the kidneys, in smaller quantities - with bile into the intestine, where partial reverse absorption occurs, which contributes to the prolonged circulation of the active substance in the body (intestinal-hepatic circulation).
Dosage and administration:
Inside: Adults with mild infections - 250 mixture each. 4 times a day.
For moderate infections, 500 mg each. 4 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 4 g.
Brucellosis - 500 mg. every 6 hours for 3 weeks, simultaneously with 1 g of streptomycin intramuscularly every 12 hours for 1 week and 1 time per day for 2 weeks.
Uncomplicated gonorrhea - 500 mg. every 6 hours to a total dose of 9 g.
Syphilis - 500 mg. every 6 hours for 15 days (early syphilis) or 30 days (late syphilis).
Children over 8 years of age - 6.25 - 12.5 mg / kg. every 6 hours.
Patients with renal failure or impaired liver function should be given a lower dose or increase the interval between doses.
Release form:
100 mg coated tablets, 250 mg.
In vials of 0.1 g. (100 000 PIECES).
Interaction with other drugs:
With simultaneous use, preparations containing aluminum, magnesium, calcium, iron (antacids, iron preparations) impair absorption. With the simultaneous use of anticoagulants increase the risk of hypoprothrombinemia. Oxytetracycline reduces the effectiveness of bactericidal antibiotics that disrupt the synthesis of the cell wall (penicillins, cephalosporins). With the simultaneous use of oxytetracycline with streptomycin or gentamicin, activity against intracellular pathogens (brucella, pasteurella) is enhanced. Chymotrypsin increases the concentration and duration of oxytetracycline circulation. With simultaneous use, the effectiveness of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives decreases and the risk of breakthrough bleeding increases. Concomitant use of retinol increases the risk of an increase in intracranial pressure.
Attention! Before using the medicine OXYTETRATSIKLIN it is necessary to consult a doctor.
The instructions are provided for reference only.
CAS number: 79-57-2
Gross formula: C22H24N2O9
Appearance: powder (solid) / Color: beige to slightly yellow.
Chemical name and synonyms: Clinical, Terramycin; 4- (Dimethylamino) -1,4,4a, 5,5a, 6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,6,10,12,12a-hexahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2- naphthacenecarboxamide; 5-Hydroxytetracycline
Physicochemical properties:
Melting point 183 ºC
alpha-223 º (s = 1.03 N. HCl)
Solubility in water 0.2 g / l
Molecular Weight of 460.44 g / mol
PH: 4.5 (1% suspension).
The antibiotic of the tetracycline series, used against a large number of sensitive bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria), has also proven itself in the treatment of rickettsia, chlamydia, mycoplasmas and spirochetes.
Oxytetracycline is known as a broad-spectrum antibiotic because of its activity against a diverse spectrum of infections. This was the second tetracycline found. Oxytetracycline, like other tetracyclines, is used to treat many common and rare infections. Its best absorption profile makes it preferred for tetracycline for moderate acne. Oxytetracycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosome A site. The binding is reversible. Oxytetracycline is lipophilic and can easily pass through the cell membrane or passively diffuse through porin channels in the bacterial membrane.
Like tetracycline, oxytetracycline is active against most mycoplasmas, chlamydia, rickettsia and spirochetes. It works against gram-negative bacteria, some strains of staphylococci and streptococci, but their resistance to this type of antibiotic increases. Gram-positive bacteria - Siberian bacillus, actinomycetes, clostridia (perfringens and tetani), listeria (Monocytogenes and Nocardia) are covered by the spectrum of action of oxytetracycline. Gram-negative bacteria such as Bordetella spp.Brucella, Bartonella, Haemophilus spp., Pasturella multocida, Shigella, and Yersinia pestis respond to oxytetracycline find. But many strains of E. coli, Klebsiella, Bacteroides, Enterobacter, Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed their resistance to oxytetracycline. Separately, it is necessary to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa - whose colonies in the urinary tract react poorly to the use of any antibiotics, including the tetracycline series.
Oxytetracycline has proven itself when used on horses, cattle, non-lactating goats, pigs, birds, dogs and cats.
